The Mesopotamian Civilisation is regarded as one of the notable ancient civilisations of the world.
In the fertile crescent of two rivers namely, Tigris and Euphrates of West Asia this civilisation grew. Literally Mesopotamia means—”The land between two rivers”.
With the gradual march of time, the Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian Civilisation grew in the land between these two rivers.
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Mesopotamia – A Brief history:
The present Iraq was known as Mesopotamia. It had witnessed the conglomeration of several races. In or around 5,000 B.C. a nomadic people appeared is Mesopotamia. They occupied a portion of land in Mesopotamia and named it as ‘Sumer’. The term ‘Sumerian’ means “a man having black head”.
They founded cities like Ur, Nipur, Lagash, Nir and Kish. By 2900 B.C., the Sumerians were defeated by Akkadians. The Akkadians carved out their kingdom in the northern part of Mesopotamia and under Surgon-I they became powerful. The Amorites defeated the Akkadians.
Hammurabi, the greatest ruler of the Amorites, was the ‘First law giver’ of the world. By 1900 B.C. Mesopotamia came under the sway of the Kassites. At first they used horse. The Assyrians defeated the Kassites. The great Assyrian rulers like Surgon-II, Senacherib and Assurbanipal created a vast kingdom by their superior army.
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The Chaldeans defeated the Assyrians and brought about the downfall of Babylon. Nebuchandnezzar, the great Chaldean ruler built the famous ‘Hanging Garden of Babylon’, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. Mesopotamia lost its independence and importance after the Chaldeans. In 539 B.C. Babylon was occupied by the Assyrians.